Starting a Profile from the RAPT Dashboard

To Start a Profile from the RAPT Dashboard, press the Play button next to RAPT device you wish to run a profile on:

Play/Stop allows you to commence a saved profile from either the user’s own profiles or from one of the global profiles which have been created by experienced brewers. When a Profile is started on a RAPT device, the graph will only display telemetry from the start of the profile.

When starting a Profile in the Dashboard, you can choose the current device or select another RAPT device from the dropdown. All current profiles specific to that device can then be selected in the next drop down.

A custom name can be entered for the Profile. If no name is entered, the Profile name will be used by default.

Pill Profile Sessions ONLY

When starting a Pill Profile Session there is an additional option.

You can enter a specific date and time for the session. This can be any time and date. This allows Profile Sessions to be recorded for any period that telemetry is available for. It also means a Profile Session can begin at a future date.

If the option [Do not run a profile on this device] is selected, then a profile session will be recorded but no alerts will be sent. You will need to enter a custom name to use this option.

Profiles can also be started directly from all RAPT devices with screens (RAPT Pill Profile Sessions must be started in the RAPT Portal).

The Profile must first be sent to the RAPT device. This can be done using the Send Profile to Device button in the My Profiles screen.

Alternatively, any Profile that has previously run on the RAPT device can then be selected on the device. NOTE: the RAPT device will automatically check for updates to the Profile before running the Profile.

For more information about starting a Profile directly from a RAPT device please refer to the specific .

Public Profiles are a great resource. These are readily available Profiles for fermentation and brewing that have been designed for the RAPT Portal by experienced brewers.

To add a Public Profile to your Dashboard, simply select Copy Profile To My Library. This will add the profile to your Profile Library. From there it can be sent to your RAPT device, renamed, edited or cloned.

To add a public Profile to your Profile Library, select Copy Profile to My Library

To view a public Profile, select View Profile

The type of Profile you wish to search for can be filtered to display one or more of the available Profiles types

The ability to create, add and edit custom and powerful Profiles is one of the core strengths of the RAPT ecosystem.

The Profiles in your library (both created and imported) are viewable in My Profiles. Note: You must select the appropriate Profile type (BrewZilla, Fermentation etc) in order to view the associated Profiles.

Global Profiles can be found in Search Profiles - this is a curated list of profiles for brewing and fermenting.

Profiles are specific to each RAPT device: BrewZillas, Fermentation Chambers, Temperature Controllers and Pills. Profiles are essentially a set of 'steps' that can be triggered in various ways such as time, temperature, gravity and even rate of fermentation (measureed through gravity velocity).

Using profiles, you can develop an automated profile to ramp the temperature of an ale fermentation, or to perform a complex step mash in a BrewZilla without lifting a finger!

For example a user can set an Ale fementation profile where fermentation is initally at 18°C until a specified gravity is reached*, then gradually ramps the temperature over a specified number of days. Hold at this temperature for two additional days for a diacetyl rest and then crash chill at 0°C for three days. Had the temperatures at each step been set manually, this would require a lot of time and increase the probability of error in the steps which is just one reason why profiles are a great feature to produce repeatable results.

Brewing profiles can be created that allow for complex or simple mash steps that automatically proceed to a mashout step. Alerts can be set up to notify the brewer to add hops etc.

Alerts can be set for the start or end of every profile step.

To receive alerts on your mobile device, you must have the or app installed.

You also need to allow notifications for the RAPT app on your device. Once this is set up, alerts will be pushed to your phone or any device with the RAPT App.

*Requires a Bluetooth Bonded Pill for gravity triggers

To create a BrewZilla Profile, Click the Add Profile button in the top left.

Then, select a Profile Type: BrewZilla

Next, select a Name for your Profile (such as Best Bitter)

Enter a Description for your Profile - this can be anything and is just intended for your reference.

Next, start adding profile steps!

Click the Add button to add a Profile Step

This will bring up a new dialog box which allows you to select and enter the desired step details.

This is where you enter the type and duration of each Step. Once you have finished each step, click the Add Step button to enter a new step.

Step Type

You can select the following Step Types and options

• Step Name

  Here you can enter a name for each step - this is to allow you to identify each step (for example "Beta-Amylase Rest", "Mash Out" etc

• Heat/Cool to target Temperature

  This will heat (if needed until the target temperature is reached, and then maintain that temperature around the hysteresis of the unit

• Gradual ramp to target over length of step

Advanced Options can be toggled on and off for each step

• Heating %: You can select the element power as a percentage from 5% (minimum) to 100% (full) for every Profile Step. Alternatively set this to Manual Control whereby you enter the desired power on the BrewZilla Controller.

• PID State: Turn PID On or Off. PID is recommended for advanced users only. For best results PID setting s need to be dialled in for every brew

• Allowed Sensor Differential: This sets the Allowed Sensor Differential. This is the allowed differentiual between the element temperature and the Set Point temperature. This only applies when using the

Alerts allows you to set up a custom alert for each step. You can add as many Alerts for each step as desired. You can select when to send the alert and also enter a custom Alert message (such as "Add Boil Hops Now")

You can set an alert when:

• The Step Starts

• The Step Ends

• A specified amount of time has passed after the step starts - this is useful for adding alerts for hop additions in the boil

• The specified temperature is reached - this can alert you when the strike water is ready etc

To receive alerts on your mobile device, you must have the or app installed.

In order to receive alerts you need to select Enable Mobile App (Push) Notifications in the My Account settings.

You also need to allow notifications for the RAPT app on your device. Once this is set up, alerts will be pushed to your phone or any device with the RAPT App.

Once you are happy that all the Profile Steps and alerts are correct, make sure you hit the Save button to save the profile to your My Profiles library. You can then send it directly to your RAPT device using the Send Profile to Device button or using the Play button in the Dashboard to start a new profile!

Congratulations! You have made a BrewZilla profile and are ready to brew!

TIME TRAVEL (Only available when a profile is running) This allows 'time travel' - you can choose to advance to another profile step, or revert to a previous step. You can select any Profile Step and skip to it right away. Simply highlight the desired Profile Step from the dropdown and select Accelerate to 88mph.

This is quite useful if you want to repeat or skip to another profile step, or even just extend the length of the current step (by Time Travelling back to the start of the step)

The Start Profile Session function allows the user to commence or end a profile session on any RAPT device. This can be a user created profile (created and edited in the Profiles menu) ort one of the global profiles, which are profiles created by experienced brewers.

Profiles can have different functions depending on the device - Fermentation Profiles for the RAPT Fermentation Chamber and the RAPT Temperature Controller, BrewZilla specific profiles for the Gen 4 (and later) BrewZilla and Sessions for the RAPT Pill.

To start a profile select this button for the appropriate device and choose the desired profile from the dropdown. Once the Profile is selected a name for the profile must be entered (such as 'Dubbel with Lallemand Abbaye', for example). The profile steps will be superimposed over the graph and the selected profile will begin. To stop an active profile select this button and follow the prompts.

If a Pill is linked to a Fermentation Chamber or a Temperature Controller when a fermentation profile is started on the device then the Pill's graph wiil be updated to the start of the profile automatically.

To Link a Pill to a Fermentation Chamber or Temperature Controller, select the respective device in the Edit screen of the Pill you wish to link.

If a Pill is not linked you can start a profile for the Pill and select the time you wish the profile to start. NOTE: this will only change the date and time that telemetry is displayed, allowing (for example) easy gravity and ABV to be shown. It will not have any bearing on fermentation, just display. Thus, it can easily be set to display data only once the profile has been started.

Profiles started on the BrewZilla will begin running straight away. Note that manual input on the BrewZilla may be required, depending on the profile steps.

When a profile is running, the graph will rescale to show the timeline for the selected profile. The profile steps will be superimposed on the graph, and actual values will be shown as telemetry is received.

Four different types of Profile can be created.

BrewZilla Profiles - these are designed to help automate your brew day, or make it easy to do complex mash shcedules (for example)

General Temperature Profiles - For temperature control that is not specific to fermentation (cheese-making, for example)

Pill Hydrometer Profiles - Pill Profles allow you to set alerts that can be pushed to your mobile device based on telemetry

Fermentation Profiles - these allow complex fermentation profiles to be created for any yest or beer combination

Using profiles, you can develop an automated profile to ramp the temperature of an ale fermentation, or to perform a complex step mash in a BrewZilla without lifting a finger!

To create a Profile, Click the Add Profile button in the top left.

Then, select a Profile Type: BrewZilla, Fermentation, General Temperature Control, Pill Hydrometer

Next, select a Name for your Profile (such as Hazy IPA with Verdant)

Enter a Description for your Profile - this can be anything and is just intended for your reference.

Next, start adding profile steps!

Click the Add button to add a Profile Step

This will bring up a new dialog box which allows you to select and enter the desired step details. The options available for each step will vary depending on the selected Profile Type.

Under Details you can enter the specifics of each Profile Step

Generally you will enter a Step Name, Step Type, Target Temperature and also when to start and finish the Step.

Under Alerts you can set up a custom alert for each step. You can add as many Alerts for each step as desired. You can select when to send the alert and also enter a custom Alert message (such as "Add Boil Hops Now")

In order to receive alerts you need to select Enable Mobile App (Push) Notifications in the My Account settings. You must also enable notifications for the Google Play or App Store App on your mobile device.

Once you have finished each step, click the Add Step button to enter a new step.

Once the Profile has been created, make sure you hit the Save button to save the profile to your My Profiles library. You can then send it directly to your RAPT device using the Send Profile to Device button or using the Play button in the Dashboard to start a new profile!

Please select the desired Profile below for a detailed guide on the options availabe for each Profile type

To create a Fermentation Profile, Click the Add Profile button in the top left.

Then, select a Profile Type: Fermentation

Next, select a Name for your Profile (such as Hazy IPA)

Enter a Description for your Profile - this can be anything and is just intended for your reference.

Next, start adding profile steps!

Click the Add button to add a Profile Step

This will bring up a new dialog box which allows you to select and enter the desired step details.

This is where you enter the type and duration of each Step. Once you have finished each step, click the Add Step button to enter a new step.

Step Type

You can select the following Step Types and options

• Step Name

  Here you can enter a name for each step - this is to allow you to identify each step (for example "Diacetyl Rest", "Cold Crash" etc

• Heat/Cool to target Temperature

  This will heat (if needed until the target temperature is reached, and then maintain that temperature around the hysteresis of the unit

• Gradual ramp to target over length of step

Advanced Options can be toggled on and off for each step

• PID State: Turn PID On or Off. PID is recommended for advanced users only. For best results PID setting s need to be dialled in for every fermentation

• Allowed Sensor Differential: This sets the Allowed Sensor Differential. This is the allowed differentiual between the element temperature and the Set Point temperature. This only applies when using a Bonded as the temeprature probe

Alerts allows you to set up a custom alert for each step. You can add as many Alerts for each step as desired. You can select when to send the alert and also enter a custom Alert message (such as "Add Boil Hops Now")

You can set an alert when:

• The Step Starts

• The Step Ends

• A specified amount of time has passed after the step starts

• The specified temperature is reached

To receive alerts on your mobile device, you must have the or app installed.

In order to receive alerts you need to select Enable Mobile App (Push) Notifications in the My Account settings. You must also enable notifications for the Google Play or App Store App on your mobile device.

Once you are happy that all the Profile Steps and alerts are correct, make sure you hit the Save button to save the profile to your My Profiles library. You can then send it directly to your RAPT device using the Send Profile to Device button or using the Play button in the Dashboard to start a new profile!

To learn more about adavanced Fermentation Profile features such as Gravity Velocity triggers, please watch this video.

This can be downloaded to your RAPT account and can then be adjusted to suit if required. It illustatres how easy it is to have an automatic profile that suits almost every ale fermentation, and can easily be tweaked to suit lagers. Note: Requires a in order to use Gravity and Gravity Velocity as a trigger.

Congratulations! You have made a Fermentation profile and are ready to brew!

To create a General Temperature Control Profile, Click the Add Profile button in the top left.

Then, select a Profile Type: General Temperature Control

Next, select a Name for your Profile (such as Mead Aging)

Enter a Description for your Profile - this can be anything and is just intended for your reference.

Next, start adding profile steps!

Click the Add button to add a Profile Step

This will bring up a new dialog box which allows you to select and enter the desired step details.

This is where you enter the type and duration of each Step. Once you have finished each step, click the Add Step button to enter a new step.

Step Type

You can select the following Step Types and options

• Step Name

  Here you can enter a name for each step - this is to allow you to identify each step (for example "Diacetyl Rest", "Cold Crash" etc

• Heat/Cool to target Temperature

  This will heat (if needed until the target temperature is reached, and then maintain that temperature around the hysteresis of the unit

• Gradual ramp to target over length of step

Advanced Options can be toggled on and off for each step

• PID State: Turn PID On or Off. PID is recommended for advanced users only. For best results PID setting s need to be dialled in for every fermentation

• Allowed Sensor Differential: This sets the Allowed Sensor Differential. This is the allowed differentiual between the element temperature and the Set Point temperature. This only applies when using a Bonded as the temeprature probe

Alerts allows you to set up a custom alert for each step. You can add as many Alerts for each step as desired. You can select when to send the alert and also enter a custom Alert message (such as "Add Boil Hops Now")

You can set an alert when:

• The Step Starts

• The Step Ends

• A specified amount of time has passed after the step starts

• The specified temperature is reached

To receive alerts on your mobile device, you must have the or app installed.

In order to receive alerts you need to select Enable Mobile App (Push) Notifications in the My Account settings. You must also enable notifications for the Google Play or App Store App on your mobile device.

Once you are happy that all the Profile Steps and alerts are correct, make sure you hit the Save button to save the profile to your My Profiles library. You can then send it directly to your RAPT device using the Send Profile to Device button or using the Play button in the Dashboard to start a new profile!

Congratulations! You have made a General Temperature Control profile and are ready to brew!

Create Pill Hydrometer Profile Session with Alerts

To create a Pill Hydrometer Profile, Click the Add Profile button in the top left.

Then, select a Profile Type: Fermentation

Next, select a Name for your Profile (such as Belgian Dubbel)

Enter a Description for your Profile - this can be anything and is just intended for your reference.

Pill Hydrometer Profiles are different to other RAPT Profiles as RAPT Pill Hydrometers are purely measurement instruments.

Pill Hydrometer Profiles are a way to set up Alerts based on the telemetry received from the Pill.

This is extremely useful, especially if you are not using the Pill Hydrometer in conjunction with another RAPT device.

RAPT Pill Hydrometers will measure temperature, gravity and gravity velocity (rate of change of gravity over a specified interval).

You can set up alerts based on any of these.

For example, you can set an alert for when the gravity drops to (for example) 1.025 at which point you may wish to raise the fermentation temperature for a diacetyl rest.

You can set an alert for the gravity velocity to drop to 0, at which point fermentation is likely finished and you can begin a cold crash.

Click the Add button to add a Alert

This will bring up a new dialog box which allows you to select and enter the desired alert details.

If you just wish to record telemetry over a set interval and do not need any alerts (if not doing a dry hop, for example) then a Pill Hydrometer Profile Session can be started directly from the Dashboard of the RAPT Portal.

In the RAPT Portal, select the Pill you wish to begin a Profile Session on.

Press the Play Button to begin a profile session. NOTE: If the Play button is not visible a Profile Session may already be running. Select the Stop button first.

This will open a dropdown menu

Device: You can select the RAPT Pill Hydrometer or RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer from this menu

Profile: This is a Logging Only Profile Session with no alerts. To create a Profile with Alerts, select the Create Profile option

Name: You can enter a name for the Profile Session. This is useful as all sessions are saved in the Profile History so a name makes it much easier to identify each Session

Start Date: You may select a Date and Time to begin the Profile Session. This is extremely useful as often telemetry is not received immediately after placing the Pill in the fermenter (for examlpe). You may choose a time an hour or two after pitching yeast and putting the Pill in the fermenter to ensure that the first received telemetry in the Profile Session is up to date and accurate

Alerts allows you to set up a custom alert for each step. You can add as many Alerts for each step as desired. You can select when to send the alert and also enter a custom Alert message (such as "Add Boil Hops Now")

You can set an alert when:

• The gravity velocity is greater/less than the specified value reaches {a specified temperature} - select the operator Less Than or Greater Than and Input a Gravity Velocity (in points per day, where one Point = 0.001 sg) and Alert Message

• The gravity reaches {a specified gravity} - select the operator Less Than or Greater Than and Input a Specific Gravity and Alert Message

• The temperature reaches {a specified temperature} - select the operator Less Than or Greater Than and Input a Temperature and Alert Message

To receive alerts on your mobile device, you must have the or app installed.

In order to receive alerts you need to select Enable Mobile App (Push) Notifications in the My Account settings. You must also enable notifications for the Google Play or App Store App on your mobile device.

Once you are happy that all the Alerts are correct, make sure you hit the Save button to save the profile to your My Profiles library. You can then send it directly to your RAPT device using the Send Profile to Device button or using the Play button in the Dashboard to start a new profile!

Congratulations! You have made a Pill Hydrometer profile and are ready to brew!

There are many reasons to have Alerts generated during fermentation. As the Pill can measure Temperature, Gravity and also Gravity Velocity it is super easy to set up triggers for Alerts at various important stages of fermentation.

For example, during a fairly standard fermentation you may wish to be notified when the Gravity Velocity has dropped to the point that it is desirable to start increasing fermentation temperature.

An alert to add dry hops can be added at any point.

An alert to check fermentation is done (or notify when it is finished using Gravity Velocity) is very useful.

Using Pill Hydrometer Profile Sessions you can essentially set a custom alert to be notified at any point during fermentation, greatly improving the ease of fermentation

To download and import a Sample Pill Hydrometer Profile Session, please use this link.

Once added to your RAPT Profile Library, you can edit or change this as desired

Adding the KL24334 RAPT - Bluetooth Thermometer -20 to 300C - 20cm HTC Probe to the RAPT Gen 4 BrewZIlla system is one of the most cost effective upgrades you can make. In addition, it unlocks fantastically powerful control over every aspect of the brew day.

Bonding the RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer

Ensure the RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer has charged AAA batteries and turn it on by holdig the power button for three seconds until the screen tuyrns on and the current temeprature is displayed.

To connect the RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer to a RAPT Gen 4 BrewZilla, first turn on the BrewZilla by plugging it in.

To use the on board menu, use the Up or Down buttons to navigate. Use the Select button to select or enter a function once highlighted.

Navigate to the Bluetooth menu

If you see this message:

Bluetooth isn't currently enabled. Would you like to enable it? Press Select to enable, Back to return to the main menu

Select Select to enable Bluetooth.

Once Bluetooth is enabled, you will see the RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer in the list of Unbonded devices.

Note: Any RAPT Bluetooth devices that are active will also be displayed here.

The RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer will look like this in the list of Unbonded devices:

RAPT Temp [Temperature] xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx - Last seen yy seconds ago

xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx is the MAC address of this RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer. It can be useful to note this down if you have moe than one RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer.

The number of seconds since telemetry was last received from the device is also displayed. The RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer sends telemetry every 10 seconds for a near real time update.

Use the Up or Down buttons to highlight the RAPT Temp [Temperature].

Press the Select button to Bond it the RAPT Gen 4 BrewZilla. This will bring up the following diaglogue:

Press Select to bond this device, press Back to cancel

Press the Select button to Bond the RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer to your RAPT Gen 4 BrewZilla.

If you do not wish to Bond the device at this stage or have accidentally selected the wrong device simply press the Back button to cancel

Once the RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer has been Bonded to the Gen 4 BrewZilla, it can be used as the Temperature Sensor instead of the built in temperature probe.

This enables recording in real time the temperature of the mash directly from the mash. The RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer has a long water proof probe that fits through the hole in the top screen of the Gen 4 BrewZilla malt pipe. Thus positioned, you can see the temperature of the mash irrespective of the current temperature of the liquid in the boiler.

To enable this, use the Up or Down buttons to navigate to Settings. Use the Select button to select the Temperature Sensor option. Here you can use the Up or Down buttons to switch between the Built In probe and any Bluetooth enabled RAPT devices that are also Bonded to the RAPT Gen 4 BrewZilla.

Select the RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer that you wish to use as the Temperature Sensor. If you have more than one device tyou can identify which is which as the last 6 digits of the MAC address will also be displayed.

NOTE: When a RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer is being used as the Temperature Sensor, the heating elements can be hotter or cooler than the desired setpoint. This is because the temperature of the RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer probe is now being used to measure and control the desired temperature setpoint, rather than the built in probe.

It is quite normal during a brew day to switch between the Built In probe and the RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer depending on the stage of the brew.

Typically you would use either the built in probe or the RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer while heating up the strike water.

The RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer should be used during the mash and the mashout. It is especially useful if (for example) you are doing a step mash or have missed the mash temperature after adding your grain, as this can be corrected more readily when measuring the temperature from the mash itself.

The RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer would not normally be used during the boil or when bringing the wort to boiling temperature.

NOTE: You should always use the top screen to hold the RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer in the correct poistion (see below).

When using the RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer as the Temperature Sensor, the RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer temperature is used to control thew setpoint of the BrewZilla. The built in probe will continue to read and displayt he temperature of the BrewZilla at the elements, but the elements will cycle on and off dependant on the RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer temperature.

This means it becomes very easy to acheive fast and accurate temperature control at all stages of the brew day. Note: Typically we would not use the RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer suring the boil as fine control is no longer required.

To properly control temperature, a combination of recirculation with the pump, power control of the elements and Allowed Sensor Differential should be programmed to acheive a good result.

Apart from the pump the temerpature, power and Sensor Differential can be adjusted 'on the fly' using the BrewZilla Controller, or can be preset into a custom to almost fully automate your brew day.

An example of a . This can be added to your Profiles Library in the RAPT Portal, and modified to suit.

This Profile uses the RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer to get to strike temperature and maintain two mash steps of 30 minutes each (at 63°C and 70°C). This is followed by a mashout at 75°C for 10 minutes, and then a 60 minute boil.

When heating to strike temp it is best to have all elements on (power at 100%).

To maintain temperature during the mash it is best to reduce the power to around 30% (this may be tweaked to suit as ambient temperatures, size of mash etc will all have an impact). When maintaining a temperature, it is best to have a small sensor differential to avoid unwanted temperature swings - around 2°C is best.

To increase the temperature of the mash, we increase both the power and the Sensor Differential. Setting the power to around 60°c is about the right range - this puts out enough power to heat the recirculated wort quite quickly, but is not strong enough to risk scorching. A larger sensor differential is used here - between 6°C - 10°C works well, using a larger amount for greater mash temperature increases.

Using a large Sensor Diffeerential (~10°C, for example) means that the element temperature can increase by up to 10°C more than the set point temperature.

This increases quite dramatically the rate at which the actual mash temperature can be increased (for a mashout or step mash), for example). As we are using the RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer to control the temperture, the BrewZilla will automatically shut of the elements to maintain the setpoint.\

In brief, when using the RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer - set a smaller Power and Sensor DIfferential to maintain temperature.

Set a larger Power and Sensor DIfferential to increase temperature.

Do not use the RAPT Bluetooth Thermometer when boiling. It is optional when heating to strike temperature, although using the pump to even out temperature gradients in the boiler is recommended nonetheless.

My Profiles is where you can view all of the RAPT Profiles that you have created or added to your library.

You can filter which profles are visible using the search options:

Profile Controls

Send Profile to Device - this sends the selected Profile to the chosen RAPT device. Note: this option uploads the Profile, but does not start a Profile session. To start the Profile you must either start it manually on the RAPT device, or use the Start Profile Session button in the Dashboard or Devices screen

Clone Profile - this creates an exact copy of the profile that can then be renamed and edited. This is useful if you wish to tweak an existing profile for (for example) a different yeast in a Fermentation Profile

Edit - this opens up the editing screen for the selected profile so that the steps and alerts can be seen, and any changes can be made to the Profile.

Back - This returns to the My Profiles screen without saving your work

Save - this saves a profile once created or saves any edits that have been made to the profile. Note: You must Save your Profile before exiting this screen or you will lose any changes

Delete - This deletes the Profile

For a detailed guide to creating profiles, please refer to